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^3> RECEIVED "j>^ 
IvIAR 1-1904 

AN OLD HOSTELRY. 



THE TAVERNS OE OLDEN TIMES. 



Read by Warren S. Ely at October Meeting of the Bucks 
County Historical Society. 



There is something about the very word 
"Inn" that appeals to the English speak- 
ing race. We are fully mindful of the 
fact that in nuHlern times many of our 
best citizens do not concern themselves 
with the roadside inn except to file re- 
monstrances against the granting of 
license; but it is the dutv of the historian 
to record what has taken place in the 
past; and the inn cannot be eliminated 
from the records of our county without 
positive detriment to local history. In 
fact the old time hostelry was a most con- 
spicuous institution so far as human 
habitations had to do with the life and 
customs of the people Some philosopher 
has said "There is no hospitality in the 
world like that of the inn. " From time 
immemorial the inn has had its place in 
history and romance. Who would elimi- 
nate the old "Blue Boar" from the legends 
of Robin Hood and his Merry Men? What 
man so lacking in imagination and poetic 
sentiment that he cannot picture and ap- 
preciate the famous old inns of the 
Engli-h coaching days, with the light 
from glowing logs on the wide hearth re- 
flected on pewter tankards and platters; 
the savory roasts turning on the spit, the 
quaint paved courts and cool gardens? 

And in our own country, in the early 
days when this great and powerful Re- 
public was struggling for its very life, 
what an atmosphere of romance sur- 
rounded the inn? Every cloaked and 
mud-stained stranger seeking the hospi- 
tality of the tavern was watched by eagle- 
eyed, stern faced men; and under smoke- 
stained joists and by the light of a tal- 
low dip were seen gathered for mutual 
counsel the architects of the grand Re- 
public of which we are so proud to-day. 

The modern great piles we call hotels, 
with their tiled corridors, myriads of glit- 
tering lights, luxurious furniture and 
uniformed lackeys are the resorts of poli- 
ticians and statesmen, but none of them 
is so closely associated with the life of the 
times as was the humble inn, that wit- 
nessed the birth and evolution of this 
great nation. 

And so these ancient taverns become 
a subject of importance to the student of 
local history. The relation of the country 
inn or tavern, on one of the main thor- 
oughfares, to the community in which it 
was located, a century and a half ago, is 
an interesting study. It was almost the 
sole point of contact with the outside 
world to the isolated pioneer in the coun- 
try districts. The ponderous stage coach, 
then the only public conveyance, dis- 
charging its living freight at the doors 
of the country inn for a single meal or 
night's lodging, brought to him glimpses 
of the outside world, of the fashions of 
the cities and remote settlements, as well 



as news of the progress of civilization in 
the new country. The drover of cattle 
from the back settlements, seeking a 
market for the product of the virgin 
meadows brought to the home dweller the 
gossip and news from distant settlements. 
The Provincial land surveyor, on his re- 
turn from laying out new tracts for set- 
tlement, brought news of new conquest 
of virgin forest and mead. The strolling 
fiddler beguiled the winter evening for 
swain and damsel and won his way to 
their hearts and pockets. And so, about 
the simple country inn, gathered all sorts 
and conditions of men having a common 
interest, and coming in contact with each 
other and the outside world, learned the 
great lesson of toleration, which is the 
corner-stone of civil and religious liberty. 
In our day of railroads, trolley, tele- 
graph and telephone lines intersecting 
every rural district, it is hard to realize 
how much of a necessity the old time 
tavern was to our great grandsires. nor 
do the present dwellers in this quiet neigh- 
borhood realize that one hundred and 
fifty years ago, the great highway of com- 
munication, not onlv between New York 
and Philadelphia, but between >sew 
England and the latter city and points 
south and west, ran through our county. 
Early in the second half of the eighteenth 
century a petition for a license to keep a 
"House of Entertainment" at what is 
now the home of Thomas H. Ruckman 
in Solebury township, sets forth that the 
"applicant is compelled to entertain 
numerous drovers and other travellers 
from New Ingland, Vermont, New York, 
and the Jersie States. " And we recall an 
instance where the petition for a license 
at Warwick Cross Roads, now Hartsville, 
was signed by numerous residents in New 
Jersey, Forks of Delaware, and points be- 
yond, who stated that they had been en- 
tertained at that hostlery for many years; 
it being, "The end of their first day's 
journey" out from Philadelphia. This 
was in 1755, when the license was with- 
held, supposedly on account of the char- 
acter of the applicant. The Court in those 
days evidently exercised a more careful 
discretion in the granting of license than 
at a later period, and no mere grog shop 
was ever tolerated. Therefore, the char- 
acter of the men who obtained license 
was probably above that of the average 
hotel keeper of to-day. In fact the average 
inn -keeper was a leading man in his 
communit.v and exercised a wide influence 
therein. We could refer to a number of 
colonial inn-keepers who achieved dis- 
tinction and left a record of civil and 
military service without a blemish. A 
direct ancestor of President Roosevelt 
was for many years an inn-keeper within 
a few miles of this place. 



In our own Quaker community the at- 
titude of the members of the Society of 
Friends toward the inn was not alto- 
gether unfriendly, though the meeting 
very early manifested a strong feeling 
against the use of intoxicating liquor. 
The Friends evidently realized the neces- 
sity of the inn, since it relieved them of 
the burden of entertaining numerous 
travellers wending their tedious way 
across our county from the Jersies and 
elsewhere; and we find the names of 
the most prominent Friends appended to 
petitions for license to keep houses of 
entertainment. In fact the names of 
many of them will be found on the lists 
of inn keepers in various parts of the 
county. 

Buckingham township was without a 
tavern within its borders for a longer 
period after its settlement than any town- 
ship in the county. The first petition for 
license within the township, of v\ hich we 
have a record, was in 1748, when Benja- 
min Kinsey sought to obtain a "recom- 
lu ndation to his Excellency the Gouv- 
ernor" to keep a house of entertainment 
at the piesent village of Holicong, 
"Where one part of Durham Koid 
crosses York Road, that leads from 
Cai by's Ferry to Philadelphia, and 
neare the Koad tht.t leads from said 
York Roid to Butler's Mill and North 
VNales. " This petition, though numer- 
ously signed by his brethren and Quaker 
neighbors, the Byes, Pearsons, Scar- 
broughs, Shaws, Browns antl others 
was turned down, as were a number of 
other applications for several years 
following. 

At the sessions of Court held June 
llth. 1752. George Hughes, of Bucking- 
ham, presented his petition for recom- 
mendation for license to keep a house of 
entertainment where he lived at the junc- 
tion of the York and Durham Roads and 
his petition was "Allowed." I his vras 
the first tavern in Buckingham, and stood 
where the farm house on the Hughesian 
farm now stands. At that time the 
nearest taverns were Canby's, at the 
Ferry, now Newhope, on the east; Joseph 
Smith's, at Wrightstown, ou the South- 
east, Neshaminy bridge on the South; 
Doyle's on the Northwest, and Patrick 
Poe's "Sign of the Plough" on the North. 
Hughes does not seem to have bfen 
pleased with the venture, as he did nut 
renew his application until eleven years 
later. At the June sessions, 1763, he 
again petitions for a license. This later 
petition is supplemented by a numerously 
signed recommendation of his neighbors 
and others, setting forth that "Where 
George Hughes is living is asuitnbleand 
convenient place for a publick House of 
Entertainment, and where one is very 
much wanted, and he having put himself 
to a considerable expence in buildings 
and prepareing of other necessaries to en- 
able him to undertake the business they 
make bold to pray the Court, would be 
pleased to grant such recommendation, 
&c. " To this paper appear the names of 
sixty-seven persons, comprising most of 
the adjacent land owners and a few from 
Wrightstown, Warwick and Solebury. 
Among them were the names Fell, Gill- 
ingham. Parry, Brown, Church, Fenton, 
Chapman, Watson, Bye, Blaker, Ely, 
and many other names still familiar in 
the neighborhood. 

At the same sessions of Court the peti- 
tion of Henry Jamison was presented, 
setting forth that the petitioner "hath 
lately purchased the House and Planta- 
tion of Samuel Blaker, adjoining the 
Roads that leads from Philadelphia to 
New York and from Newtown to Dur- 
ham" and asks that he be recommended 
to the Governor to obtain a license, &c. 
Like the petition of Hughes, this one has 



appended to it the following supplement: 
"The undersigned are acquainted with 
Henry Jamson and believe him to be a 
proper per.son to keep a House of Enter- 
tainment * * * that there is no tavern 
within foure miles &c. " This recom- 
mendtition is signed by John Gregg, 
then Sheriff of the county, Joseph EUicolt, 
who became sheriff four years later; Sam- 
uel Harrold, William Corbet, Euclides 
Scarbrrjugh, Mathew McMinn, Thomas, 
Samuel and Benjamin Kinsey, nine in 
all, and all with the exception of the 
Kinseys and Ellicott, like the petitioner, 
of Scotch Irish origin. Th s petition 
was "allowed" and Hughes' is marked 
"rejected. " 

Henry Jamison was born in the neigh- 
boring township of Warwick in the year 
1729. only a few years after the .irrival of 
his father, gi-andfather and uncles from 
County Tyrone, Ireland. 

"The Plantation" referred to in the 
petition comprised 16f) acres, embracing 
the present farm of Joseph Anderson 
and all the land lying between it and the 
Y'ork Road. It was a part of the 1000 
acres "back in the woods," which Rich- 
ard Lundy received in exchange for 200 
acres on the Delaware, in the year 1688. 
The 200 cres, of which the 166 acres were 
a part, was conveyed by Lundy to 
Francis Rossel in 1692, who devised it to 
the sons of his friend Samuel Burgess. 
John Burgess conveyed it to Lawrence 
Pearson in 1702, who, in the following 
year, conveyed a one-half interest therein 
to his brother Enoch Pearson, reserving 
to the heirs of the said Lawrence Pear- 
son "the right to get limestone for their 
own use, with free ingi-ess and egress to 
fetch the same. " The Pearsons conveyed 
to Robert Saunders, he to Benjamin Hop- 
per, Hopper to James Lennox, in 1724, 
Lennox to rhomas Canby in 1729 and 
Canby to Samuel Blaker in 1747. As the 
home of Thomas Canby, a prominent 
Friend, a Justice of the Peace and mem- 
ber of Colonial Assembly, it became a 
place of noted hospitality and local promi- 
nence. 

Under the administration of Mine Host 
Jamison and his enterprising wife Mary, 
supposed to have been the sister of Sheriff 
Gregg, the Buckingham Inn became 
profitable. No complaint came from his 
Quaker neighbors and we find it soon be- 
came a popular stopping and meeting 
place for local, county and State officials, 
it being a sort of "Half-way House" be- 
tween the county seat and the upper parts 
of the county. Henry Jamison died on 
June 29th, 1766, and the license was trans- 
ferred to his widow, Mary Jami.son, on 
September loth, 1767, and she continued 
as the popular hostess until ten yeas 
later. 

In the Fall of 1767 Mrs. Jamison peti- 
tioned the Court for the sale of her hus- 
b^Jud's real estate, and herself became the 
purchaser, through the medium of John 
Gregg, then a resident of New Jersey, 
who officiated as the "straw man," tak- 
ing the title from the widow as adminis- 
tratrix and transferring it back to her 
as femme sole. 

In the Winter of 1772 the jolly landlady 
took unto herself a new mate in the per- 
son of one, John Bogart, presumably a 
son or grandson of Guysbert Bogart, 
Sr. , of Solebury township, a "Knicker- 
bocker' ' who had migrated from the Dutch 
settlement upon the Raritan to Solebury 
about 1740, aiid in 1742 purchased of the 
Canbys a large tract of land just across 
the Buckingham line, at Lahaska. Jacob 
Bogart, Esq., was one of the Justices 
who recommended the granting of the 
license to Jamison in 1763, and Guysbert 
Bogart was an innkeeper at "fforks of 
Dellawar" (Easton) in 1750. 

It was as "Bogarts' Tavern" that the 



inn was known during the early part of 
the Revolution, the license having been 
issued in his name in 1773 and succes- 
sively until 1777. 

Under date of Aug. 15, 1773, a dis- 
tinguished traveller enters in his dairy: 
"House at Jamison's neat and clean, din- 
ner indifferent, claret rery bad." 

The first meeting of the Bucks County 
Committre ef Safi-ty, aftf^ris full orgini- 
zatiou by representatives from each town- 
ship, was held at Bogart's tavern, on 
July 21st, 1775 at which the field officers 
of »he Associated Companies of the 
county were selected. This was one of 
the most important mei-tinsrs ever held 
in the county, as it was the first organized 
movement toward arming for the conflict 
with the mother country. Then it was 
that the leaders realized that pacific pro- 
tests were nnavailale. It represented the 
parting of the ways between the non-com- 
bants and those who had determined to 
enforce tlieir rights by force of arms if 
necessary, herefore, a number of persons 
who had' been selected to represent their 
townships in the committee, "being of 
the People called Quakers and others, 
alleginsi- scruples of conscience relative to 
the business necessarily transacted by 
the committee desired to be released from 
further attendance. " J^nlong those who 
retired at this meeting were Jacob 
StTciwn. of Haycock; John Wilkinson, of 
Wrightstown; Thomas Foulke, of Rich- 
land; Jonathan Ingham, of Solebury; 
John Chapman, of Upper Makefleld; 
Joseph Watson, of Buckingham, and 
Thomas Jenks. of Middletown, Quakers, 
and-Abrahaui Stout, of Rockhill, a Men- 
nonite. Their places were directed to be 
filled by election prior to the next meet- 
ing of' the committee on August 21st. 
At the following meeting John Lacey, 
later the distinguished General, was re- 
turned in place of Wilkinson; John Cor- 
yell, of Solebury, in place of Ingham, 
and William Carver, of Buckingham, in 
place of Joseph Watson. The Treasurer 
reported having received donations for 
the people of Boston amounting to 75 
pounds, 4 shillings, 4 pence, and had 
forwarded the same, producing the re- 
ceipt of John Adams, one of the Com- 
mittee of the Town of Boston, for that 
amount. 

Complaint was made against several 
persons for remarks derogatory of the 
Continental Congress and the Commit- 
tee and the offenders were examined by 
special committees,and the following is a 
sample of the refutation they signed which 
is entered in full upon the minutes of the 
committee: 

"Whereas, I have spoken injuriously of 
the distressed People of the Town of Bos- 
ton ani disrespectfully of the measures 
prosecuting for the redress of American 
grievances, I do hereby declare that I am 
heartily sorry for what I have done, 
voluntarily renouncing my former princi- 
ples and promi.se for the future to render 
my conduce inexceptable to my Country- 
men by strictly adhering to the measures 
of Congress. " 

(signed) "Thomas Meredith" 

Thomas Smith, of Upper Makefield, was 
alleged to have said that "ineasures of 
Congress had already enslaved America 
and done mi. re damage than all the Acts 
of Parliament were intended to lay upon 
us, and the whole revolt was nothing but 
a scheme of hot-headed Pesbyterians 

* * * that the devil was at the bottuui 
of the whole of it * * * * that tak- 
ing up arms was the most scandalous 
thing a man could be guilty of and more 
heinous than a hundred of the grossest 
offences against the law. " A resolution 
was adopted denouncing him and declar- 
ing that "he be considered as an enemy 
of the rights of British America and that 



all persons break oflf every kind of deal- 
ing with him until he shall make proper 
satisfaction to the Committee for his con- 
duct. " 

Smith appeared at the next meeting, 
Sept. 11, 1775, and expressed his sorrow 
for imprvident expressions and promised 
such support as was consistent with the 
principles of Friends. 

The meetings of the Committee were 
held at Bogarts each month almost con- 
tinouously during the years 1775 6 and 
the minutes of their proceedings give 
abundant proof of the zeal and patriotism 
of the members. 

Bogart's Tavern, was not only the head- 
quarters of the Committee of Safety, but 
of many of the Associated Companies of 
this section of the county and the old road- 
side inn has no doubt witnessed the 
evolutions of many an awkwcird squad of 
raw recruits, training for service in the 
defence of their country. A tragic inci- 
dent that occurred at one of these train- 
nings is related by one of our local his- 
torians. A training was in progress at 
the public house of John Bogart on Aug. 
14, 1775. when Robert Poque (Polk) and 
John Shannon two embryo patriots from 
the neighboring township of Warwick, 
repaired to the house of William Ely, now 
the home of Albert S. Paxson, to bor- 
row a gun to use in the muster then go- 
ing on, and having obtained the gun 
Shannon in giving an exhibition of the 
exercise of training, accidentally dis- 
charged the firearm the contents striking 
Polk in the throat, killing him instantly. 
The Polks, the name then variously 
spelled "Poque, " "Poak," "Poke," were 
at that date large land owners near Hart- 
sville, and had emigrated from Carrick- 
fergus, Ireland, in 1725, and were with- 
out doubt of the same lineage as Presi- 
dent James K. Polk, one of the emigrant 
brothers having the same given name as 
the ancestor of the President having re- 
moved from Bucks county to the South 
about 1 740. The Inn has not been without 
frequent glimpses of the main branch of 
the Continental Army under the great 
Commander-in-Chief himself. The move- 
ments of Washington and his army up 
and down the York Road to and from 
the Delaware are too much a matter of 
history to need treatment here. 

Gen. Greene, when charged by Washing- 
ton with the care and safety of the boats 
on the river in December. 1776, when our 
country was threatened with an invasion 
by the British troops from New Jersey, 
evidently had his headquarters for a time 
at Bogarts' as he writes from there under 
date of December 10, 177(3, to Gen. Ewing 
to send sixteen Durham boats and four 
flats down to McKonkey's ferry. 

The Bogarts seem to have been very 
zealous in the cause of independence, per- 
haps a little over zealous, in reporting to 
the Committee irrevelant and irresponsi- 
ble remarks, made over a convivial cup at 
the bar, as in at least one case reported 
by Mrs. Bogart the committee decided 
that the "matter spoken and the speaker 
were both too insignificant for the notice 
of this Committee." 

There is little doubt that certain mem- 
bers of the Society of Friends, the domi- 
nant class in this community, who only 
sought to avoid taking up arms for rea- 
sons of religious conviction, suffered con- 
siderable inju.stice at the hands of a class 
of men suddenly elevated to authority 
and actuated as much by a spirit of jeal- 
ously as of patriotism. 

The Bogarts disposed of the "Tavern 
and Plantation" to William Bennett, of 
Wrightstown, in April, 1777, and the 
license was issued to him in that year, 
and continuously until 1794, when he 
rented the tavern property to Robert Mel- 
dtrum, who continued as landlord until 



1797. 

On April 1, 1797, Bennett conveyed the 
tavern and fifteen acres comprising the 
present lot on the South side of the York 
Road to Josiah Addis. The York Road 
at that date swerved to the right in front 
of the hotel, leaving "Lundy's line," and 
wound in long loop round the "Pond," 
striking its present route again near its 
intersection with Broadhurst's Lane. 
Bennett conveyed that part of the tract 
lying across the Y'ork road, now occupie 
t by Frank Day's haH, shops, &c. , to 
Jonthan L irge, and when the turnpike 
k was laid out, practically on Lundy's 
line, the line of the land remained 
unchanged. 

The title and license of the tavern 
changed again in the Spring of 1805 
when Josiah Addis conveyed it to Corne- 
lius Van Horn and John Marple. The 
license was issued to VanHorn, and he 
purchased Marple's interest in the real 
estate in 1809, and continued as pro- 
prietor until his death, in February 1814 
His executors conveyed the property 
on April 1, 1814, to ex-Sheriff Elisha 
Wilkinson, who remained the owner at 
this death in February, 1846. 

Col. Wilkinson, as he was familiarly 
known, was a son of John Wilkinson be- 
fore referred to and had already had 
several years experience as an innkeeper. 
He came to Buckingham from Newtown 
in 1805 having purchased the tavern 
property, now known as "The Bush," 
which he kept until after his election 
as Sheriff in 1809. He sold it in 1811. 
He removed to the Centreville ta,vern 
in the Spring of 1814, and remained 
there for a period of 23 years. In the 
Spring of 1836 he rented the tavern to 
Samuel B. Willett, who kept it for the 
next two vears and was succeeded by 
Isa-dC McCarty, in 1838, he by Samuel 
Thatcher, who was the tenant at the 
date of Col. Wilkinson's death in 1846. 
The tavern was sold by the administrator 
of Wilkinson in 1846 to James Vansant, 
who probably never occupied it and dy- 
ing about 1848 devised it to Edward Van- 
sant, who held the license until 1852, 
when he sold the property to Casper 
Y'eager of Philadelphia. The latter 
kept the hotel until July, 1856, when he 
conveyed it to Francis B. Davis, who 
sold it the following year to William 
Corson, who, after six years occupancy, 
conveyed it to the Righters, who still 
hold the title and conduct the hotel. 

This, in brief, is the official history of 
the ancient hostelry, now nearly 140 
years old. Its appearance to-day is 
greatly changed from that of 100 years 
ago, it having been entirely remodelled 
by the present owners in 1$70. Though 
the original walls remain, the long slop- 
ing roof was replaced by a mansard roof, 
and the kitchen end next the barn was 
raised to the level of the main building. 



While under the administration of Sam- 
uel B Willett, Edward Hicks was em- 
ployed to paint an elaborate sign repre- 
senting Penn treating with the Indians 
which was erected upon a pole in front 
of the tavern where it remained for 
many years, and during which period 
the inn was called "The Sign of Penn's 
Treaty." Later it was known as "The 
Sign of Gen. Washington. " 

Under the administration of Col. Wilk- 
inson the tavern became widely known 
to the sporting fraternity, as the Colonel 
was a great horse fancier and breeder. 
He introduced into the neighborh od a 
very fine breed of Arabian horses. Soon 
after moving to the tavern he purchased 
a tract of land across the Y'ork Road, then 
covered with timber, and laid out a quar- 
ter-mile track, where his blooded colts 
were trained to run and trot. Samuel 
Thatcher, a Jerseyman, who later be- 
came the landlord, was for several years 
his trainer. Col. Wilkinson was a 
patron of the turf for many years, and 
many of his racers won prizes at Long 
Island and elsewhere. 

The old stone house across the road, 
where George Hughes kept the tavern 
in 1752. and for which he sought to ob- 
tain a license in 1763, was pulled down 
in the forties. It was built of rough 
stone. pointed, and contained three rooms 
and hallway on the first floor. It stood 
practically on the same sire as the pre- 
sent Hufihesian farm house. Old resi- 
dents say that it looked at least 100 years 
old in 1830. and it was probably the resi- 
dence of Matthew Hugh<^s, the fattier of 
George, long before 17.52, and was prob- 
ably occupied by both father and son at 
that date. Matthew Hughes died in 
1766, a' a very advanced age, and de- 
vised all his land South of the Y'ork 
Road, comprising the Charles Williams 
and Huahesian farms, except 50 acres at 
the South corner, to his son George. He 
had previously conveyed to George (1763) 
100 acres, including the site of the Inn. 
George Hughes died in 1795, and by 
will dated in 1783. devised the "Stone 
house in which 1 live and the meadow 
adjoining down to the big spring and 
from there to York Road, making 50 
acres in all," to the mother of Amos 
Austin Hughes for life, then to Amos 
Austin Hughes with all the rest of the 
plantation. He, howeer, made him a 
deed for it in his life time, dated Feb- 
ruary 24, 1790. 

At the death of Amos Austin Hughes, 
his housekeeper, Mary Paxson, was left 
a life tenancy in the farm, and Thomas 
Broadhurst, her brother in-law, removed 
there. Some years later a story and a 
half addition was built to the end next 
the Durham Road, which was occupied 
by his daughter, Rachel Broadhurst, 
as a store. 



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